يوجد أكثر من شكل للشركات التجارية داخل سلطنة عمان يتمثلون في الآتي:
- شركات الأشخاص.
- شركات الأموال.
- شركات ذات طبيعة مختلطة.
ما المقصود بشركات الأشخاص
- هي أحد أنواع الشركات التجارية في سلطنة عمان 2022 حيث أن الشركة تحظى بالاهتمام الأكبر من قبل الأشخاص لأنهم هم من يقوموا بإنشاء تلك الشركة من خلال المشاركة والتعاون فيما بينهم.
- هذا التعاون نتيجته عدم الموافقة لاحد الشركاء لأن يفرط في جزء من حقه إلا إذا حصل على الإذن والموافقة من جميع شركائه.
- بالإضافة إلى عدم السماح بأن يلغي الشريك عمله مع أحد الشركاء في أي وقت.
- كما يلزم التعاقد بين الشركاء بأن يكملوا عملهم داخل الشركة حتى إنتهاء مدة عمل الشركة أو لحين الحصول على موافقة الشركاء على إنهاء خدمته أحدهم.
ما هي شركات الأموال
- هي أحد أنواع الشركات التجارية في سلطنة عمان 2022 وتعرف هذه الشركات باسم آخر وهو الشركات المساهمة.
- هذا الشكل من الشركات يتكون من مجموعة غير منتهية من عدد الشركاء ولكن لم يعرفون بعضهم البعض ولا يتم إبرام عقود واتفاقيات بين بعضهم البعض.
- وهذا يسهل على الشريك أن يخرج أو يتنازل عن حقه لشخص آخر بدون أخذ موافقة من الشركاء الآخرين وبدون علمهم أيضًا.
- الشراكة تتم بداخل هذه الشركات من خلال امتلاك سهم واحد أو أكثر بمعنى أن الشخص الذي يحمل سهم واحد يعتبر شريك.
معلومات عن شركات ذات طبيعة متنوعة
- هي آخر نوع من أنواع الشركات التجارية في سلطنة عمان 2022 حيث أنها ناتج مزج شركات الأشخاص مع شركات الأموال فقد نجد أمثلة على هذه الشركات وشركة التوصية بالأسهم.
- تتميز مثل هذه الشركات أنها يمكن أن تجمع أكثر من شركة بداخلها مثل شركاء متضامنون أي أنهم مسؤولين مسئولية كاملة عن ديون الشركة.
- بالإضافة إلى وجود شركاء موصين أي أنهم يمتلكون أسهم يعبر عددهم على نسبة وجودهم في الشركة ولكن الشريك في هذه الحالة لم يسأل إلا على قيمة السهم الذي يحمله في يده.
- كما توجد بداخلها شركات تمتلك مسئولية محدودة بمعنى أن هناك 50 فرد مقسم عليهم إجمالي أسهم الشركة وهذا يعني أنهم مسؤولين مسؤولية كاملة عن قيمة السهم الذي يمتلكونه.
ترتيب الشركات التجارية في سلطنة عمان
بعد التعرف على أنواع الشركات التجارية في سلطنة عمان 2021 لابد من التعرف على ترتيب الشركات من حيث الانتشار:
شركة التضامن
- هذه الشركة تحتل المركز الأول في ترتيب الشركات الأكثر توسعًا وانتشارًا داخل سلطنة عمان وهذا يرجع إلى أنها من أكثر الشركات التي ينجذب إليها العملاء.
- يتسم هذا النوع من الشركات بأن عدد الأفراد الذين يمتلكون هذه الشركة قليل وكل واحد منهما على دراية كاملة للطرف الآخر ويمتلك ثقة كاملة تجاه الأطراف الأخرى.
- في مثل هذه الشركات يتم التعاقد بين جميع أطراف الشركة بشكل مكتوب ومنشور لأن هذا يعتبر أحد بنود قانون الشركات وذلك من أجل جعل الشركاء مسئولين عن ديون الشركة والتزاماتها.
شركات التوصية البسيطة
- هي أحد أنواع الشركات التجارية في سلطنة عمان 2021 وتعتبر ثاني أشهر شركات المنطقة لأنها تعطي كامل الحرية لمالكها أن يتعاون مع شركاء متضامنين مماثلة، في حين أنه يستطيع التعاون مع شركاء خارجيين ليس لهم حق الإدارة يطلق عليهم اسم موصين.
- ولكن يجب الانتباه إلى أن إذا تم التعاون مع شريك متضامن فإنه يكون متكفل بجميع ديون الشركة بغض النظر عن حجم تعاونه في الشركة، أما إذا كان شريك موصي فإنه يسأل عن ديون الشركة لنفس نسبة امتلاكه للشركة.
- يوجد نوع آخر من شركات التوصية وهي التوصية بالأسهم والتي تتم بين نوعين من الشركاء الأول شركاء متضامنون والنوع الثاني شركاء مساهمون.
شركات المحاصة
- هذه الشركات غير منتشرة بالنسبة لمن يوجد في سلطنة عمان وذلك لأنها شركة من الباطن تتم بين شخصين أو أكثر بدون إبرام العقود ولكن كل منهما يشارك في هذه الشركة بجزء من المال أو المجهود.
- في حين أن ما ينتج عن الشركة سواء أرباح وخسائر فإنها تنقسم بالتساوي على جميع أفراد الشركة وملاك الشركة، إذا فإن هذه الشركة لم يعلم أحد بوجودها سوا من أسسها.
شركات مساهمة
- وهي آخر أنواع الشركات التجارية في سلطنة عمان 2021 يتم تأسيسها من أجل الحصول على أموال توضع تحت تصرف أحد الأفراد من أجل أن يتم استخدامها في مشروعات أخرى.
- ولكن هذه الشركات تحكم على من يقوم بتأسيسها أن يشترك مع شخصين آخرين بحيث يكون عدد شركائها ثلاثة من أجل سهولة توزيع رأس المال عليهم بشكل متساوي.
- كما أن هذا النوع من الشركات تعطي الحرية لأحد الشركاء أن يقوم بتداول أسهمه التي تم اكتتابها بأي طريقة تجارية يود أن يستخدمها.
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